# Epitalon References: The Cited Literature

> Epitalon references: the full cited literature, with PMIDs and DOIs — the telomerase, lifespan, melatonin, and human-cohort studies behind every claim on the site.

Every Epitalon claim on this site maps to a numbered source below, with its PMID and DOI for verification.

## About these Epitalon references

The Epitalon references below are the primary sources cited across this site. Most are indexed in PubMed; each entry carries its PMID and, where one is assigned, its DOI. The list reflects the state of the record: a concentration of foundational work from the Khavinson group at the St. Petersburg Institute, a small body of observational human data, and the independent 2024-2025 studies that have begun to engage the core telomere claim. Sources are listed in the numbered order they are referenced on the site.

## References

[1] Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003;135(6):590-592. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937682/
[2] Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(3-4):233-240. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14523363/
[3] Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh, Provinciali M, et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology. 2003;4(4):193-202. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14501183/
[4] Araj SK, Brzezik J, Mądra-Gackowska K, Szeleszczuk Ł. Overview of Epitalon — Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(6):2691. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40141333/
[5] Araj SK, Brzezik J, Mądra-Gackowska K, Szeleszczuk Ł. Overview of Epitalon — Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties (safety and characterization limits). Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(6):2691. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40141333/
[6] Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS, Kvetnoy IM, et al. Molecular cellular mechanisms of peptide regulation of melatonin synthesis in pinealocyte culture. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2012;153(2):255-258. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22816096/
[7] Khavinson VKh, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA, Smirnova TD. Peptide promotes overcoming of the division limit in human somatic cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2004;137(5):503-506. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15455129/
[8] Al-Dulaimi S, Thomas R, Matta S, Roberts T. Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity. Biogerontology. 2025;26(5):178. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40908429/
[9] Khavinson VKh, Razumovsky M, et al. Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002;23(4):365-368. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12195242/
[10] Kossoy G, Anisimov VN, et al. Epitalon and colon carcinogenesis in rats: proliferative activity and apoptosis in colon tumors and mucosa. Int J Mol Med. 2003;12(4):473-477. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12964022/
[11] Anisimov VN, et al. Effect of epitalon and melatonin on life span and spontaneous carcinogenesis in senescence accelerated mice (SAM). Vopr Onkol. 2005;51(1):93-98. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15909815/
[12] Kossoy G, Anisimov VN, Ben-Hur H, et al. Inhibitory effect of peptide Epitalon on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. Cancer Lett. 2002;183(1):1-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12049808/
[13] Comparative study of the effects of melatonin and epitalon on the protracted memory under the shuttle labyrinth test conditions. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2006;69(4):13-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17209456/
[14] Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh, Provinciali M, et al. Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. Int J Cancer. 2002;101(1):7-10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12209581/
[15] Korkushko OV, Shatilo VB, Khavinson VKh, et al. Geroprotective effect of epithalamine (pineal gland peptide preparation) in elderly subjects with accelerated aging. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2006;142(1):73-77. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17426848/

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A brushed-steel reference on the Epitalon record — the telomerase and melatonin findings logged to source, and the single Russian research lineage behind them stated as plainly as the claims themselves; no clinic behind the console and nothing here dosed, sourced, prescribed, or sold.